The Iranian government’s policy of systematically denying Baha’is access to higher education continues to generate considerable condemnation from around the world.
The Baha’i community’s initiative to offer education to its young community members who are barred from university – known as the Baha’i Institute for Higher Education (BIHE) - has also come under attack from the Iranian authorities. Raids in May 2011 on some 39 homes of BIHE staff and faculty, followed by the imprisonment of a number of them, has provoked an outcry in numerous countries, among international organizations, and has been widely reported by international media.
Here is a selection of such action:
Baroness Catherine Ashton – High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice President of the European Commission – expressed her “serious concern about the recent wave of arrests of Baha’i citizens, and the shutting down of an educational centre of the Baha’i community in Iran…” (5 September 2011)http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/124507.pdf
Dennis de Jong, co-chair of the Intergroup European Parliament Intergroup on Freedom of Religion or Belief and Religious Tolerance said that “"Baha'is are blocked from obtaining higher education, are banned from all forms of employment in the public sector and are not issued work permits for a wide range of businesses…" and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) Klaus Buchner similarly said that Bahá’ís “are deprived of access to education and to certain professions and now their private businesses are even being shut down…." (17 November 2015)https://news.bahai.org/story/1083
Resolution highlighted Iran's increased persecution of Baha'is, noting they "suffer heavy discrimination, including denial of access to education…" (17 November 2011)http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=MOTION&reference=P7-RC-2011-0594&language=EN
UN Human Rights Council side event, in which the UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, Heiner Bielefeldt, called the Bahá’ís the “most persecuted group in Iran” and stated that systematic persecution occurs in kindergarten, elementary, and secondary education, and that “it would continue in higher education but Bahais are banned from university, and those Bahais who are discovered are removed.” (7 March 2016)https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/human-rights-remain-nonexistent-for-irans-bahai-population/2016/05/12/c782fccc-162a-11e6-9e16-2e5a123aac62_story.html?utm_term=.5971a89a7932
UN Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Ahmed Shaheed, commends the documentary To Light a Candle on the denial of education for Bahá’ís in Iran at a side event held at the 28th session of the UN Human Rights Council. (22 March 2015)https://news.bahai.org/story/1044
UN Human Rights Council conducted its Universal Periodic Review for Iran and offered 291 recommendations on how Iran might improve its human rights record, 10 of which mention the Bahá’ís. 8 of these recommendations were rejected, and 2 were partially accepted. One of the partially accepted provisions put forward by the government of Chile recommends that Iran “promote access to higher education for members of the Baha'i community and other religious minorities.” (19 March 2015)https://news.bahai.org/story/1045
UN General Assembly’s resolution on human rights in Iran calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to address the “discrimination against, and exclusion of…members of the Baha’i faith, regarding access to higher education, and to eliminate the criminalization of efforts to provide higher education to Baha’i youth denied access to Iranian universities, and to release those imprisoned for this reason.” (19 November 2013)http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/68/184
UN General Assembly's Third Committee approved a resolution that catalogs a wide range of abuses in Iran, including the “targeted attack on the Baha'i educational institution,” and calls upon Iran to "eliminate discrimination against, and exclusion of, women and members of certain groups, including members of the Baha'i faith, regarding access to higher education, and to eliminate the criminalization of efforts to provide higher education to Baha'i youth denied access to Iranian universities." (21 November 2011)http://dl.bahai.org/bwns/assets/documentlibrary/867_Iran_human_rights_situation.pdf
An Australian senator discussed the documentary To Light a Candle and denounced the denial of higher education for Bahá’ís in Iran. (21 August 2015)http://iranpresswatch.org/post/12832/
Australian House of Representatives passes a motion that calls for an end to the persecution of Bahá’ís in Iran, including educational discrimination. (17 March 2015)
In a statement, an Australian MP condemns the persecution of Bahá’ís in Iran and mentioned the raids of homes that were housing BIHE students and staff as an example of such persecution. (28 March 2014)
MPs urge their counterparts in Iran to investigate the denial of access to higher education to Baha’is and others. (13 February 2012)http://dl.bahai.org/bwns/assets/documentlibrary/887_Australian_debate.pdf
The Law Society of New South Wales urged the Iranian Government to “ensure that the human rights of all people, including the Baha'i, are respected, protected and fulfilled, in accordance with Iran's international human rights obligations.” The Law Society’s Young Lawyers Human Rights Committee also wrote ” We ask Iran to uphold these universal human rights so that higher education is accessible by all people in Iran, irrespective of thought, conscience or religion.“ (20 October 2011)
Universities Australia, representing all 39 of Australia’s universities, raised the issue of the attack on the Baha’i Institute for Higher Education with the Secretary-General of UNESCO. (14 July 2011)http://bahai.org.au/index.php/universities-australia-speaks-out-after-arrest-of-bahai-educators/
Article in Christian Today, “Iran: raids on homes linked to Baha’i higher education initiative” (2 June 2011)http://au.christiantoday.com/article/iran-raids-on-homes-linked-to-bahai-higher-education-initiative/11202.htm
In a statement, Austria’s Vice Chancellor and Foreign Minister Michael Spindelegger said, “The news of an intensification of the Iranian government’s repression of the Baha’i community is alarming. The right to education is a fundamental human right for everyone, independent of his or her religion. The restriction of access to education for young Baha’is is unacceptable.” (1 June 2011)https://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/the-ministry/press/announcements/2011/spindelegger-rights-of-irans-bahai-community-should-be-protected/
Der Standard published a major article, “When the Right to Education leads to Danger” (20 June 2011)
Congressman Luiz Couto, former president of Brazil’s Human Rights and Minorities Commission, said at the Brazilian National Congress, “The action of the authorities to individuals associated with the BIHE demonstrate the clear intention of Iranian government to carry out their policy of the elimination of the Bahá’í Community.” (2 June 2011)
Two parliamentarians issued statements in support of the imprisoned seven educators. Federal Representative Luiz Couto, former president of the Human Rights Commission of the Federal Chamber of Deputies, said: "Why can't these people have the right to profess their faith?" In his statement, Federal Deputy Roberto de Lucena, said, "Maybe it is time that the Brazilian government re-evaluate our relations with Iran in a human rights perspective.” (20 October 2011)
In an open letter to Folha de São Paulo, 26 international filmmakers, producers and actors called upon the Brazilian government to speak up for the rights of imprisoned filmmakers, journalists and Bahá’í educators. (4 November 2011)http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrada/1001917-cineastas-pedem-que-governo-brasileiro-defenda-colegas-iranianos.shtml
Senator Mobina Jaffer conducted an official inquiry into the situation of the Baha’is in Iran, in the form of a 20-minute speech in the Senate. Her remarks followed a shorter intervention made a week earlier in which she called the attention of the Senate to the recent attacks on the BIHE. In the inquiry, she highlighted the recent raids, saying: “These are attacks not only on the students and the faculty of the Baha’i education institute, but on the cherished idea that education is the birthright of all.” (21 June 2011)
Article, “Richmond Hill man escapes death in Iran,” published in The Star(8 June 2011)http://www.thestar.com/news/world/article/1004373--richmond-hill-man-escapes-death-in-iran?bn=1
Canada's Foreign Affairs Minister John Baird notes "with regret the reports that Iranian authorities have imprisoned an additional 11 individuals associated with the Bahá’í Institute for Higher Education.” (2 September 2011)http://iranpresswatch.org/post/8347/minister-baird-expresses-concern-over-situation-for-religious-minorities-in-iran/
Former minister of foreign affairs and president of the University of Winnipeg, Lloyd Axworthy, and Allan Rock – who is president of the University of Ottawa and former Canadian ambassador to the UN – speak of how “deeply troubled” they are that Baha’is are denied access to higher education in Iran. (5 January 2012)http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/allan-rock/bahai-iran-politics_b_1186039.html
Article, “Where does a Canadian degree get you in Iran? In prison”, by Irwin Cotler MP, published in The Huffington Post. (18 January 2012)http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/irwin-cotler/bahai-iran-politics_b_1213311.html?ref=canada-politics
The Senate unanimously asked President Sebastián Piñera to “strongly condemn” Iran for its “rigorous and systematic persecution of Baha'is.” The resolution specifically mentioned the arrests of BIHE faculty and staff, objecting to the “unjust detention of those individuals.” (15 June 2011)https://news.bahai.org/story/835/
More than 1500 postcards have been dispatched in all regions of France, describing the background and situation of the Baha’i Institute for Higher Education. Radio features about the campaign were broadcast on Frequence 19 radio and Radio Nasim. (5 July 2011)
Christoph Strässer, Member of Parliament and spokesperson on human rights of the Social Democrats, addressed a letter of protest to the Iranian ambassador to Germany. (21 June 2011)
Two prominent parliamentarians have condemned Iran’s imprisoning of seven Baha’i educators. Markus Löning – Federal Government Commissioner for Human Rights Policy and Humanitarian Aid at the Federal Foreign Office – said: “Once again I urge the Iranian Government to grant religious freedom to which it has committed itself under international law.” Rolf Mützenich MP, foreign policy spokesperson of the Social Democratic parliamentary group (SPD) in the German Bundestag said: “The long-term prison sentence of seven Bahá’ís shows once again that Iran heavily violates the rights of minorities and dissenters. The judgment made by the revolutionary court is inacceptable, and the religious intolerance it reflects is intolerable.” (21 October 2011)https://news.bahai.org/story/864/
In an open letter concerning Iran’s seven imprisoned Baha’i educators, 45 professors called on Iran’s Minister for Science, Research and Technology to release immediately “these unjustly imprisoned individuals.” (2 November 2011)https://dl.bahai.org-assets/bwns/assets/documentlibrary/human-rights/iran/education/Letter+of+49+Germany+Professors+to+Minister.pdf
Senate calls upon the United States of America to keep up its pressure on Iran over human rights abuses. (27 April 2012)https://news.bahai.org/story/907
More than 80 prominent citizens – representing the judiciary, academics, religious leadership, NGOs, human rights groups and the corporate sector – signed a petition to the Iranian Government calling for the immediate and unconditional release of the BIHE prisoners. "The recent atrocities heaped upon this persecuted community...deserves the strongest condemnation from every upholder of human dignity and honour in India and the world," says the petition. "The consequences of this policy of disallowing the Baha'i youth to have access to higher education will be detrimental not only for the Baha'i community of Iran, but also for the nation as a whole." (15 June 2011)http://iranpresswatch.org/post/7988/petition-to-the-iranian-government-for-immediate-release-of-the-staff-and-faculty-of-the-bahai-institute-of-higher-education/
Dr. Sadegh Zibakalam, a well-known university professor at the University of Tehran, writes an open letter to Dr. Mohammad Javad Larijani regarding the denial of access to higher education for Bahá’í students in Iran. (1 October 2014)http://iranpresswatch.org/post/10990/
The Chairman of Ireland's Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs and Trade, along with members of the Committee – which includes Members of Parliament and Senators – met with Iran’s Ambassador to Ireland and raised the matter with him, requesting that the Ambassador convey their concerns to his authorities in Tehran. The Ambassador undertook to do so. (12 July 2011)
More than 50 academics called upon the Iranian authorities to cease their attacks on the Baha'i Institute for Higher Education and to allow all students in Iran access to higher education. (4 November 2011)http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/letters/2011/1104/1224307039487.html
The Al Seyassah newspaper published an article reporting the attack against BIHE. (24 May 2011)
Thousands of postcards have been dispatched in all regions of Netherlands, describing the background and situation of the Baha’i Institute for Higher Education.
Condemning the raids and arrests, New Zealand’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Murray McCully, described the denial of higher education to the Baha’is in Iran as “reprehensible.” (1 July 2011)
The Baha’i Club at Victoria University in Wellington held an awareness-raising event which engaged a good number of students, including a number of sympathetic and supportive Moslems. (June 2011)
Sixty-eight celebrated figures signed a petition, appealing to the Iranian authorities to cease its systematic campaign of persecution of the Baha'is, including "repeated attempts to hinder the progress of the Baha'i community's efforts to educate its young people..." (25 January 2012)https://news.bahai.org/story/883
84 leading academics, including a former Prime Minister, call upon the Iranian government to end its persecution of Baha'i educators and students. (18 September 2012)https://news.bahai.org/story/925
Archbishop Desmond Tutu’s declares his public support of the Education is Not a Crime campaign. (1 February 2015)https://news.bahai.org/story/1038
UK Parliament seminar in which the All Party Parliamentary Group on the Bahá’í Faith discussed the denial of economic rights to members of religious minorities in Iran, including the denial of access to higher education for Bahá’ís in Iran. (1 August 2016)https://news.bahai.org.uk/2016/08/01/appg-on-the-bahai-faith-hosts-seminar-exploring-denial-of-economic-rights-to-religious-minorities/
Prominent lawyers and lords in the UK signed an open letter to the Islamic Republic of Iran denouncing the persecution of the Bahá’ís. The article mentions the denial of education for Bahá’ís in Iran. (26 June 2013)http://www.ibanet.org/Article/Detail.aspx?ArticleUid=436c3b38-712d-499d-be44-4deb355195ce
UK Parliament seminar in which the UN Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Ahmed Shaheed, stated that the “international community has an indispensable role to play in continuing to support the voices of Iranian citizens that continue to demand that the right to education become a reality for all.” (26 December 2012)https://news.bahai.org/story/937
Professors from Oxford, Cambridge and other leading universities in England wrote an open letter calling for academics, students and politicians to support the right of Baha’is to access higher education in Iran. “The authorities must be taught that human rights are universal,” they wrote to The Guardian newspaper. “Barring Bahá’ís from university exposes the government's own ignorance.” (11 June 2011)http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jun/11/iran-bahai-right-higher-education
The Board of Deputies of British Jews and the Union of Jewish Students condemned the arrest and detention of Baha’i educators in Iran. “The mistreatment of religious minorities does not demonstrate a strong society,” they said in a statement. “Only through fostering a culture of mutual respect can Iran progress to a legal and political situation worthy of all its citizens. The Board and the UJS believe that all people, and all Iranians, should be given equal access to higher education on the basis of merit, and not de-barred because of their religious beliefs. We call for the immediate release of the eleven imprisoned Bahá’í educationalists, as well as the others who have been detained or sentenced on the basis of their faith.” (17 August 2011)http://iranpresswatch.org/post/8317/board-and-ujs-union-of-jewish-students-speak-out-for-bahais-in-iran/
U.S. House of Representatives resolution highlights the denial of access to higher education for Bahá’ís in Iran. (21 September 2016)https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-resolution/220/text
U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom annual report states that “Although the Iranian government maintains publicly that Baha’is are free to attend university, the de facto policy of preventing Baha’is from obtaining higher education remains in effect.” (April 2016)http://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/USCIRF%202016%20Annual%20Report.pdf
U.S. Senate resolution condemns Iran’s discrimination against the Bahá’ís and its violation of the International Covenants on Human Rights. The resolution calls upon the government of Iran to release the nine imprisoned Bahá’í teachers and administrators who have been imprisoned for providing education to Bahá’í youth. (17 December 2015)https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-resolution/148
U.S. House of Representatives resolution denounces Iran’s persecution of the Bahá’í community. The resolution condemns “the unjust arrest and incarceration of Bahá’í educators and administrators of an informal community effort to provide for Bahá’í youth who are otherwise excluded from higher education.” (3 January 2013)https://news.bahai.org/story/939/
The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) strongly condemned the coordinated raids by Iranian authorities on numerous Baha’i homes and the arrests of more than a dozen Baha’is who were part of an effort to provide higher education to Baha'i youth because they are prevented from attending universities in Iran. (24 May 2011)http://www.uscirf.gov/news-room/press-releases/uscirf-condemns-iranian-government-attack-bahai-education-initiative
Senator Mark Kirk issued a statement, which said, "The international community should strongly condemn Iran's mass arrest of 14 Baha'i citizens and call for their immediate release." (24 May 2011)https://www.webharvest.gov/congress112th/20121212033310/http://www.kirk.senate.gov/?p=blog&id=206
Virginia Congressman Frank Wolf, co-chairman of the Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission, made a statement to the House of Representatives. "These attacks – and Iran’s general policy of suppressing religious freedom – are unacceptable and must stop...We must not allow such atrocities to continue unnoticed." said Congressman Wolf. (2 June 2011)http://publicaffairs.bahai.us/rep-wolfs-remarks-on-education-program-arrests-a-brutal-crackdown-against-irans-bahais/
Article in The Washington Post, “From celebration to vigil after arrests of Baha’i in Iran” (6 June)http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/graduation-in-va-turns-from-celebration-to-vigil-after-arrests-of-bahai-in-iran/2011/06/05/AG6VPmJH_story.html
US Senators Mark Kirk and Joseph Lieberman join with international group of lawmakers to release a joint statement condemning the denial of education to thousands of Baha'i students and calling for the immediate release of seven imprisoned Baha'i educators. (6 December 2011)https://www.webharvest.gov/congress112th/20121212050945/http://www.kirk.senate.gov/?p=press_release&id=380
Forty-eight leaders of medical education joined the worldwide protest against the Iranian government's persecution of Baha'i students and educators. (7 December 2011)
Students at the University of Zambia launched a two-week long postcard campaign “in support of BIHE and the right to education.” The postcard depicted Zambian students on one side, and on the other a message for Iran’s minister of science, research and technology stating “All Iranian citizens have the right to education,” “The Baha’i Institute for Higher Education ‘prisoners’ should be released immediately,” and “Baha’is should be able to enter universities as faculty and staff and as students who can get a degree.”
Amnesty International’s 2015-2016 annual report on Iran “confirms that Baha’is and other religious minorities face ‘discrimination in employment and restrictions on their access to education and freedom to practise their faith’.” (23 September 2016)http://newsroom.unsw.edu.au/news/business-law/economic-apartheid-thriving-rowhani%E2%80%99s-minority-hating-iran
Amnesty International UK hosts a screening and discussion of the documentary To Light a Candle. (30 October 2015)https://www.amnesty.org.uk/blogs/country-specialists/constructive-resilience-baha%E2%80%99i-way-respond-human-rights-abuses
In a statement, Nassim Papayianni, an expert on Iran at Amnesty International, explains, “The situation for Baha’i is quite dire because they face discrimination in both law and practice in a variety of forms.” She continues, “They are denied access to higher education, and even if they enroll and finish a semester or a year, they won’t be allowed to finish their degree.” (25 October 2016)http://www.themedialine.org/news/discrimination-bahai-iran-increasing/
Amnesty International releases a statement regarding the denial of higher education for Bahá’ís in Iran, in addition to other discriminatory practices of the regime. (2 June 2014)https://www.amnesty.org/en/press-releases/2014/06/persecution-universities-iran-squeezes-life-out-academic-freedom/
Published an article titled, “Teacher to Begin Prison Sentence for Her Work at Baha’i University” regarding a BIHE teacher’s imprisonment. (19 October 2015)https://www.iranhumanrights.org/2015/10/azita-rafiezadeh/
“Defending the Right to Education”
The Committee – which monitors the human rights of scientists around the world, and assists those in need – appealed to Iran's Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, to "immediately and unconditionally release" all imprisoned individuals affiliated with the Baha'i Institute for Higher Education and to "allow the Baha'i Institute to freely operate, and to ensure that all Iranian students have access to higher education." (29 February 2012)https://news.bahai.org/story/899
The International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran called on the Iranian authorities to stop attacks on the BIHE and end policies that discriminatorily deprive members of the Baha’i Faith access to higher education. (23 May 2011)http://www.iranhumanrights.org/2011/05/bahai-university-attacked/
The members of the Board of Directors of Scholars for Peace in the Middle East (SPME) – a worldwide organization of academics – denounced the raids on homes and the imprisonment of faculty and administrators of the BIHE, and demanded the immediate release of the faculty and staff members still imprisoned. SPME also encouraged faculty from around the world to endorse the demand for the immediate release of prisoners. (8 July 2011)http://www.spme.net/cgi-bin/articles.cgi?ID=8220
“In Harlem, murals are calling attention to the discrimination against the Baha’i faith in Iran” (16 October 2016)http://qz.com/803096/in-harlem-murals-commissioned-by-maziar-baharis-not-a-crime-campaign-are-calling-attention-to-the-discrimination-of-the-bahai-faith-in-iran/
“Dallas Mural Part of International Campaign Against Religious Persecution in Iran” (3 February 2016)http://www.dmagazine.com/arts-entertainment/2016/02/dallas-mural-part-of-international-campaign-against-religious-persecution-in-iran/
“‘To Light a Candle’ shines light on Baha’i Faith in Iran” (8 March 2015)http://www.toledoblade.com/Religion/2015/03/07/To-Light-a-Candle-shines-light-on-Baha-i-Faith-in-Iran.html
“Bahá’is campaign for educational freedom in Iran” (2 March 2015)http://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/bah%C3%A1-is-campaign-for-educational-freedom-in-iran-1.2122365
“Education is a Crime for Baha’is in Iran” (27 February 2015)http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/02/26/education-is-a-crime-for-baha-is-in-iran.html
“Education is Not a Crime Initiative Gains Attention and Support” (21 February 2015)http://www.worldreligionnews.com/religion-news/bahai-faith/education-is-not-a-crime-initiative-gains-attention-support
“‘Education is Not a Crime’ gains momentum” (8 February 2015)https://news.bahai.org/story/1039
Desmond Tutu and Jose Ramos-Horta join calls for release of Baha'i educators (26 September 2011)https://news.bahai.org/story/852/
“Bahá'í student expelled from Iranian university ‘on grounds of religion’” (27 February 2013)https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/27/bahai-student-expelled-iranian-university
Call for Iran to release Baha’i Academics http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/call-for-iran-to-release-bahai-academics/story-e6frgcjx-1226170010998
The Epic, Secret Struggle to Educate Iran's Bahais http://chronicle.com/article/The-Epic-Secret-Struggle-to/131819/
“For Baha’i educators, a lesson in power in Iran” http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/05/31/iran.bahai/
Religious academics denounce persecution against Iran's Baha'i minority http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/8816662/Religious-academics-denounce-persecution-against-Irans-Bahai-minority.html
Iran’s Neo-Apartheid http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2012/09/opinion-irans-neo-apartheid-rampant-persecution-of-bahais-in-cradle-of-faith.html#ixzz26byHZoEd
Simply for Trying to Teach: Imprisoning Bahá’í Teachers and Leaders in Iran http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sarah-shourd/simply-for-trying-to-teac_b_1536517.html
“End to Academic Freedom in Iran” http://www.radiofarda.com/content/f4_bahaie_institue_ban_activity/24183854.html
“Increasing the pressure on Baha’i University” http://radiozamaneh.com/society/humanrights/2011/05/30/4364
“Faith and Hope” http://radiozamaneh.com/node/4374
“Baha’i University ‘illegal’ ” http://radiozamaneh.com/news/iran/2011/06/05/4492
“Educational Discrimination and Denial of Education to Baha’is” http://www.rahesabz.net/story/31926
When learning goes underground http://newsstore.smh.com.au/apps/viewDocument.ac?page=1&sy=smh&kw=bahai%2C+baha%2C+baha%27i&pb=all_ffx&dt=selectRange&dr=
6months&so=relevance&sf=text&sf=headline&rc=10&rm=200&sp=nrm&clsPage=1&docID=SMH110627SK1KE5724M9
I sit in a UK library and feel so sorry for my friends in Iran http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=418523&c=1
“Iran: university to continue despite raids, arrests” http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20110525154448447
Iran: Baha’is call for end to university exclusion http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20110902144020632
Academics condemn Iran Baha'i attack http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20111014194630333
Iran’s Outcast Religion http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904875404576528761693875134.html?mod=WSJ_Opinion_LEFTTopOpinion